Refrigerating system



May 15, 1923.

'ZULbmaaw I 1,455,580 G. FERGUSON REFRIGERATING SYSTEM Filed April 24, 1920 amJw/Koz M 20 8 Z'gmaw Patgnted May 15,

'uNrr o fasrA'rEs PAT NT ounce.

' GEORGE FERGUSON, OF APELDOORN, NETHERLANDS, ASSIGNOR TO APELDOOBNSC HE MAGHINEFABRIEK MELAALGIETERIJ VOORHEEN LOOG LANDAAL, OI ADEL- DOOBN, NETHERLANDS, A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY OF NETHERLANDS.

REFRIGERATING SYSTEM.

Application filed April 24, 1920. Serial No. 376,406;

(GBANTED UR'DER THE PROVISIONS OF THE ACT, OF MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT. L, 1818.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE FERGUSON, a subject of the Queen of the Netherlands, residing at Apeldoorn, Province of Gelder- 6 land, in the .Kingdom of the Netherlands,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Refrigerating Systems, of which the following is a specification, and for which I have filed applications in the 10 Kingdom of the Netherlands, No. 9026, November th, 1917, Patent No. 4494;- Kingdom of the Netherlands, 9704, April 8th, 1918, Patent No. 4496; Germany, 31087, October 21, 1918, patent not ranted; England,

16 19084,November20,1918, atentNo.120,923; England, 19106, November 21, 1918, Patent No. 125,358; Belgium, 225381, July 8, 1919,-

Patent No. 281,284; Fr'ance,-115372, July 22, 1919, Patent No. 501,818; Denmark, 2034/19, 20 July 18, 1919, Patent No. 27768; Denmark, 2033/19, July 18, 1919, Patent No. 26834. The invention relates to a compresslon refrigerating system, working with two evaporating pressures and is a contlnuation in part of my application for a patent Ser al No. 261,643 filed November 8, 1918 wh1ch eventuated into a patent No. 1,410,394 issued March 21, 1922.

According to the present invention a separator for the liquid is placed at the outlet of the highpressure evaporator, sai-d separator having a special float device whlch automatically opens avalvefor the gas, when the difference of pressure between the highpressure and the lowpressure evaporator becomes too large.

Furthermore according to the invention the liquid separator, arranged between the highpressure evaporator and the compressing 40 cylinder may be'provided with apertures for the inlet and the outlet which grow wider inwardly.

The invention is illustrated and explained by the accompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 gives the diagram of a complete refrigerating plan according to the present invention, working with two evaporating pressures in a single compressing cylinder which in the present case is a single acting vertical machine and in which the suction valve is arranged in the iston.- I

Fig. 2 shows t e diagram of a refrigerating plan containing several receivers in the the liquid. When the pressure rises too high pipe between highpressure evaporator and the compressor.

Fig. 3 gives another diagram showing a liquid separator and a sieve in said pipe.

1 is a regulating cock, such as generally used with compression refrigerating machines. Through this cock the circulating liquid flows from a condenser to the high pressure evaporating coil .2. In this high pressure evaporator heat is absorbed at hi h pressure, this evaporating a part of the liquid therein, so that after passing the high pressure evaporator there is a mixture of gas and liquid. This mixture is led to the liquid separator 3, which eventually forms part of the high pressure evaporator. From this separator-the high pressure gas is sucked off by the compressor through a pipe 4 in a manner which will be explained further on. The liquid collects at the bottom of the separator and is discharged through a floatdevice 5 to the lowpressure evaporator 7.

When the level of the liquid rises in-the separator the float-ball 5 will also rise, thus lowering the float-valve 6, which is then opened to-discharge the liquid into the low pressure evaporator. This float-valve is influenced not only by the rise of the float-ball, but also directly by the difierence inressure between the highpressure and the owpressure evaporator. As the float-level is double armed, the valvejwhen opening, moves in a downward direction that is in the same direction in which the liquid passes through this valve. The overpressure in the highpressure evaporator therefore, independently of the level of the liquid, tends to open the float-valve. The dimensions of the valve 6 and the whole float-device are such, that when working normally, the motion of the floatwalve depends chiefly on the level of in the highpressure evaporator, or decreases too much in the lowpressure evaporator, such diflerence in pressure will force the. valve open, even if there is no liquid in the separator. The difierence in pressure is then reduced in the high pressure evaporator and raised in the low pressure evaporator and the normal working of the device is then again secured.

The liquid which is discharged into the 105 low pressure evaporator 7, is evaporated therein at a lowpressure,-so that in this lowpressure evaporator heat is absorbed at a low temperature. From there the developed vapours are led in the usual way through a pipe 8 to the suction opening 9 of the compressor. s

' The drawing shows a vertical single acting compressing cylinder 11, into which the vapours developed in the evaporators are drawn by a hollow piston 10, which at one end is provided with a suction valve 12. The high pressure vapours enter into the cylinder as soon as the piston 10 opens the apertures 3 at the end of the downward stroke. The cylinder then already is filled for the greater part with lowpressure vapours which in the usual way are drawn into the cylinder from the lowpressure evaporator 7, in which by the evaporating of the liquid at a lowpressure and at a low temperature, cold is produced. I 1

The admission of the low ressure vapours is continued until the rise 0 the pressure in the cylinder (on account of the admission of the high pressure vapours through the apertures 13) closes the suction valve 12. These apertures 13, which in axial direction of the cylinder are of small size, are arranged in a large number around the entire circumference of the cylinder.

In the receiver 16 which encircles the cylinder, the highpressure vapours enter from evaporator through pipe 4 and opening 17,

which is enlarged from its inlet end toward the receiver. This receiver enablesthe gas to flow uniformly through all the apertures 13 into the cylinder. In the receiver, the velocity of the gas is naturally much less than in the apertures 13 and the pipe 4:; therefore between pipe 4 and the cylinder the current of as is first retarded and then accelerated.

ach transformation of velocity into pressure and of pressure into velocity is accompanied by losses caused by friction, which result in the production of useless or disadvantageous heat, instead of useful energy. This is of greatjmportance, especially when, as in the present case, high velocities must be obtained during a short period of admission. these transformations are performed with interruptions. The sieve and the casing of the separator, which may serve as receiver, are provided with apertures for the inlet and outlet. In order to here also obtain a favourable transmission of velocity into pressure according to this invention, the inlet and outlet apertures of the sieve and separator are enlarged have a conical form in the'same manner as the aperture 17 for the jacket of the compressing cylinder.

The losses caused by friction are thus-reduced and therefore a more perfect and rapid inlet of the highpressure gases into the cylinder is obtained.

These losses are the greatest, when- In order toaccelerate the admission of the highpressure gases fromthe highpressure evaporator into the cylinder toa greater extent, several receivers 20 may be arranged in sure in the highpressure evaporator and thus also increase the pressure, which is attained in the cylinder when this is filled with highpressure gas.

Instead of separate receivers 20 arranged in the pipe 4, the liquid .separator 3 and a sieve 21 may be used together for this purpose. Usually a perforated pipe with sieve are arranged in the suction-pipes, in order to prevent the entrance of strange matters into the cylinder. The liquid separator, which is placed at the outlet of the highpressure evaporator, serves to separate the liquid from the mixture of highpressure vapours and-liquid and to lead the liquid to the lowpressure evaporator.

What I claim is: p

1. In a compression refrigerating system, a high pressure evaporator and a low pressure evaporator for the refrigerating 1i uid, a chamber connected to the outlet of the igh pressure evaporator and to the inlet of the low pressure evaporator to receive the liquid and gas resulting from evaporation in the high pressure evaporator, and a valve controlling the flow of liquid from said chamher to the low pressure evaporator, said high pressure evaporator-and to the inlet of I the low pressure evaporator to receive the liquid and gas resulting from evaporation in the high pressure evaporator, a valve controlling the flow of liquid from said chamber to the low pressure evaporator, and a float in, said chamber associated with said valve and adapted to open said valve when the lquid in said chamber reaches a predetermined level, said valve being also subject to the pressure existing in said chamber and adapted to be 0 ened by an abnormal differ-- ence between t e pressures existing in said high pressure evaporator and in said low pressure evaporaton;

3. In a compression refrigerating system having high'and low ressure evaporator's, means for separating hquid and gas resulting from the high pressure evaporator, co

prising a separator, a valve controlling the to be opened by the difier'ential pressure exflow of liquid from said separator to the low isting between the separator and the low pressure evaporator, and a float in said sepapressure evaporator.

rator associated with said valve and adapt- In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 5 ed to open the latter when the liquid in said my hand, this first day of April, 1920.

separator reaches a predetermined level,

said valve being also subject to and adapted GEORGE FERGUSON. 

